Dealing with teething trouble...

So this week, I've been out and about for another short ride, but first I refitted the Morgo pump. I did about 8 miles as usual, out of town and up to 40 mph. The lubrication job I did on the speedo seems to have stopped it sticking at full range.

The Morgo obviously provides more oil flow than the plunger pump, and I finished the journey with about 10 psi on the oil pressure gauge.

I also finished the journey with a completely flat rear tyre, which looks like it might be a valve failure. I wobbled along the road, complaining about the tramlines the council left when they resurfaced, only to keep my wobble, rapidly turning into a squirm from the rear end, when I ran out of tramlines. I recovered the puncture with a handy can of tyre weld I had in the pannier.

Of course, the low oil pressure problem is not sufficiently improved with the Morgo to use the bike in anger. Lifting the rocker covers with the engine running (rather dangerous - they are very hot) you can see little jets of oil coming from the rocker oil holes. I've fitted three new old stock rocker shafts to deal with the wear I found in the shafts last year - one was already fitted due to a damaged thread:

A thought occurred to me, corroborated by AOMCC forum members - retarded ignition causes overheating. Checking accurately revealed that the ignition was indeed retarded: I moved the distributor about 10 degrees, equating to about 20 degrees at the crankshaft, to get it right (thanks MikeN!).

So we will have to see what happens. Just waiting for a new inner tube...

Another Test

Another little test run today: 8 miles or so out of town and at the end, 10 psi at tickover. And the speedo is sweeping round to full range and staying there (that is poor lubrication)

Oil again

So, I have changed the oil.

A week or so ago, I was getting 55 psi on cold start dropping to near zero when very hot, using cheapo 20W/50 for running in. 

I worked through the clearances I measured when I built the engine, to determine the flowing areas of each of the bearings, to understand where my engine was in relation to factory minimum conditions - When I rebuilt the engine I replaced all the bearings in the bottom end, but only changed one of the rocker shafts, because they are easy to change and Drags only had one in stock. What I found was that I can improve pressures by changing the other three, especially if I can return the rockers to minimum clearance as well.

However, obsessive tinkering is something I have always been afflicted with. I wanted to change the oil, since I knew the viscosity at 100 C for both 20W/50 and monograde 50, which are more or less the same; viscosity at 40 C is almost double for monograde 50 over 20W/50, and I know my oil sits in the tank at about 73 C, so I expected a significant rise from changing to monograde 50.

Today, I started out cold with 55 psi and the relief valve operating, so I know I will never see more than 55 psi with the plunger pump. After a 4 mile run around town, its dropped to 25 psi hot (idling), and the relief valve is not operating, which is as I would expect.

So, situation much improved, but more testing required.

Roadkill Customs

Maybe this is the answer. A better quality oil bought from the nice people at Roadkill Customs, Cromer:

Elixir of Life

In any event, of all the changes I could make, it is low-hanging fruit.

More on Oil

So today, we have something like 6 degrees Celsius outside. I've just completed about 3 miles around town and I have measured the oil temperature using a meat thermometer (not the one that was stuck in the Christmas turkey last week), and we have 73 degrees Celsius.

Please don't stick it in the Turkey

If you use one of these though, you will need to stop the engine first. The RF interference driven by the HT cables is phenomenal and stops the thermometer working at all. I guess the thermocouple wires pick up the RF.

Now, looking at the oil data sheets, we can see that the kinematic viscosities are similar at 100 degrees Celsius. Plotted they look like this:

This gives us a clue, but we can't get too excited because there are only two data points per grade. The temperature/viscosity relationship is not linear. Look at this, plotted on a logarithmic scale:

This gives us a better picture. Notice that the viscosity of the SAE 50 is about 20 cst at 100 degrees C, which agrees with the data in  the first chart, but that at 75 degrees C the viscosity is about 40 cst. That should give us about a bit more oil pressure for the same temperature than the 20/50W we are using now.

Oil & Oil Pressure

So this is one of those posts that we use to collect thoughts.

Amelia has done about 25 miles, and has had her head torqued down and the oil pressure relief valve spring replaced. She is running in on Tetrosyl 20w/50 multigrade oil, to API SE spec. When cold, the oil pressure gauge shows about 55-60 psi at idle speeds; after a 6 mile run around town, at speeds up to 25 mph or so, the oil pressure drops to almost zero at idle.

Darcy's Law tells us that flow through an orifice is proportional to the area of the orifice, the pressure drop across the orifice and the viscosity of the fluid.

The viscosity of the 20w/50 will be something like 18 centistokes at 100°C, rising to something like 135 cst at 40°C. After the run, the oil was visibly very free flowing and hot.

The relief valve may be controlling the pressure at idle - it may prevent the pressure exceeding 55-60 psi, but if this is the case it will have no effect at higher temperatures unless it is stuck open which seems unlikely given that the pressure displayed on the gauge falls gradually as the temperature rises.

Additionally, the effect is repeatable - the cold idle oil pressure is always 55-60 psi, and it always drops to near zero when it is hot, so I do not think we are seeing mechanical changes in the relief valve or the engine clearances - yet.

The Morgo is a gear pump which requires clearances between its gears to operate, and these clearances will allow more fluid to slip ineffectively around the gears when the viscosity is low. Are we right to fit gear pumps when the engine runs so hot?

And then there is the gauge. Ariel indicate that these engines should run at about 40-45 psi on SAE 50, so my gauge readings are not unreasonable, but we don't really know how accurate the gauge is or even if its accuracy is linear.

But one thing is clear - when the oil is hot (and we don't yet know how hot it really is) the loss in viscosity is such that the pump can push its full flow capacity (which itself may be compromised by low viscosity) around the engine without creating any pressure in the system.

And pressure is needed to prevent the bearing surfaces coming into contact with each other.